Prof Ranu spoke about Contribution to Orthopaedic Biomechanics and the lecture covered on his research. He pointed out to the students and the faculty that he is more famous for the research he carried out at the University that is “Rheological Behaviour of Articular Cartilage Under Tensile Loads” Master of Science, Thesis, University of Surrey, Guildford, England. 1967. Quoted in the Journal of Biomechanics. 1971, Vol. 4, pp. 248, by Kempson, Swanson, and Freeman. Quoted in the Journal of Biomechanics. by Woo et al., 1976, Vol. 9, pp. 785. Quoted in the Journal of Biomechanics. by Woo et al., 1979, Vol. 12, pp. 437. Quoted in the Adult Articular Cartilage. Edited by M.A.R. Freeman, 1979, pp. 372, Pitman Medical, London, England. Quoted in the Joints and Synovial Fluid. Edited by  S. Sokoloff, 1980, pp. 177, Academic Press, New York. Quoted in the Handbook on Bioengineering. Edited  by  R. Skalak and S. Chien. 1988, pp. 4.5,  McGraw Hill, New York. Then continued to talk about  3-D human gait analysis normal and pathological. He highlighted various aspects of diabetic foot syndrome and the use of special shoe insole, such as a gel bubble biomaterials  to prevent high forefoot pressures. Normal and pathological human gait analysis using miniature triaxial shoe-borne load cells. Miniature triaxial load cells have been used to measure the human gait and in the development of  Ranus’s cumulative gait effect phenomenona. Assessments for rehabiliation of handicapped students were also covered. Prof Ranu developed the laserectomy technique to relieve the low back pain for herniated human spinal disc, It works on the principle that a small reduction in volume of the nucleus by laser ablation results in an exponential drop in intradiscal pressure in the nucleus (Ranu’s Principle). Prof  Ranu has also  coined the word “Laserectomy” and owns the domain name.

3-D computer surgical simulations of spine were also highlighted in his talk. This was the world’s first computerised surgery and Prof. Ranu won the Biological Engineering Society’s Presidential award for the outstanding paper published in the Journal of Biomedical Engineering for the 1982 volume.  He showed the presence of highly stressed areas during laminectomy surgical procedure.  Simulation of sports  injuries in different sports were also coverd. 

According to the literature the earliest tensile properties of articular cartilage were carried out by Rauber (1876) and after that Ranu (1967) performed on full-thickness of articular cartilage specimens taken from the femoral heads of dogs. He is the first person in the world to document the poission's ratio for articular cartilage and for the first time showed that articular cartilage is a biphisic material and thus layed the foundation in the development of new biomaterials to replace the articulating joints. Professor Ranu is well known around the world for his work from the University of Surrey on the tensile properties of articular cartilage.

Poisson's ratio for cartilage has been deter­mined in four independent investigations. Ranu (1967) found that Pois­son's ratio for cartilage from the dog's femoral head ranged between 0.4 and 0.6 and Hayes (1970) obtained values for human femoral condylar cartilage between 0.40 and 0.45. Woo et al (1976) also calculated Pois­son's ratio from tension tests on human articular cartilage and found it to vary between 0.3 and 0.9. Three separate investigations have been performed to determine the tensile properties of cartilage (Ranu, 1967; Kempson et al, 1968, 1972; Woo et al., 1976).

Ranu performed tension tests, parallel to the articular surface, on full-thickness specimens of cartilage from the femoral heads of dogs. Step forces of increasing magnitude were applied, and the resulting deformation-versus-time curve was plotted up to equilibrium- for each value of the applied force. Finally the instantaneous tensile strain and creep strain, and the total strain at equilibrium, were plotted against the nominal tensile stress. The Young's modulus of the cartilage was defined as the gradient to the stress-versus-strain curve, and the following values were recorded:

E - 1.2 MN/m2 from the stress-versus-instantaneous strain relation­ship;

E = 1.25 MN/m2 from the stress-versus-equilibrium strain relation­ship;

E = 0.7 MN/m2 from the stress-versus-viscous creep strain relation­ship.

Prof. Ranu  is also a Consultant to St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and Adjunct Professor of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, Adjunct Professor, New York University Medical School, V.A. Medical Center, New York, Adjunct Staff Nassau County Medical Center, and Consultant to Scientists' Institute for Public Information-Media Resource Service, New York, USA.

Prof. Ranu is a Visiting Professor at medical teaching institutions in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, China, India. Japan, Russia, Turkey and the U.K.

Prof. Ranu is a Visiting Professor at medical teaching institutions in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, China, India. Japan, Russia, Turkey and the U.K.

Ranu, H. S. (1967). Rheological behaviour of articular cartilage under tensile loads. M,Sc. thesis, University of Surrey, Surrey, England.

Rauber, A. A. (1876). Elasticitat und festigkeit der knochen. In Anatomisch-Physiologische Studie, E. W. Engelmann, Leipzig.

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NRI Professor (Dr.) Ranu, from Atlanta, USA Lectured as an Invited Speaker at CSIO

Professor (Dr.) Harcharan Singh Ranu, President, American Orthopaedic Biomechanics Research Institute (AOBRI), Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Native of Nabha and Village Jalan, District Sangrur, Punjab) and a Visiting Professor, Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh. Spoke on “Recent Developments in Biomedical Engineering’ at the Central Scientific Instrumentation Organisation (CSIO), Chandigarh, India, a Government of India Organisation.  Prof. (Dr.) Ranu, covered such subjects as: the development of “3-Dimensional Foot Print Device” which is used to measure the plantar foot pressures for normal subjects and diabetic patients with neurotrophic ulcers. This device has further reduced ulceration and amputation significantly in the diabetic population.

He highlighted various aspects of diabetic foot syndrome and the use of memory biomaterials for special shoe insoles, such as gel bubble, to prevent high forefoot pressures. The development of laserectomy technique to relieve  low back pain for herniated human spinal disc was also covered. It works on the principle that a small reduction in volume of the nucleus by laser ablation results in an exponential drop in intradiscal pressure in the nucleus (Ranu’s Principle). He has also coined the word “Laserectomy”

 He has developed another technique to simulate 3-Dimensional Micro-fracture in different sports, e.g., Indian Olympic Hockey Players, Gymnasts,  Pole-Vaulting and Ski Jumping, etc.,  and 3-Dimensional Computer Surgical Simulations of Spine were covered in his talk. He highlighted presence of highly stressed areas during laminectomy surgical procedure which a surgeon must avoid at any cost.Prof (Dr.) Ranu  is also a Consultant to St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and Adjunct Professor of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, Adjunct Professor, New York University Medical School, V.A. Medical Center, New York, Adjunct Staff Nassau County Medical Center, and Consultant to Scientists' Institute for Public Information-Media Resource Service, New York, USA.Prof (Dr.) Ranu is also a Visiting Professor at medical teaching institutions in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, China, India. Japan, Russia, South Korea, Turkey and the U.K.

Prof (Dr Ranu)  has touched all the continents where we live. He has been 8 times around the world. He intends to touch the South Pole because of an Indian beggar, who said to him at an early age that he will travel around the World, which has come true. His motto is “Shape the World”

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Dr Ranu, Medical Scientist in Lhasa, Tibet (Roof of the World)

Dr Harcharan Singh Ranu, President, American Orthopaedic Biomechanics Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Native of Nabha, Punjab) became the first Indian to travel to Lhasa, Tibet (roof of the world) by train from Beijing. Train journey took over 47 hours. Train was supplied with oxygen at Golmud station early hours of the morning to take care of the high altitude demand of oxygen. At this station train was fully oxygenated to take care of the altitude all the way to Lhasa (an altitude of over 13000 feet).

While in Lhasa Dr Ranu visited the Potala Palace, Center of Religion and Politics for centuries and one time seat of the present Dalai Lama (the Noble Peace Prize Winner). The Palace is a must to visit for every Tibetan in their life time. Monks and other Tibetans from all walks of life climb to the top of the Palace and one can see the Buddha in 1000 and one different poses and moods, which one can also see in Kyoto, Japan. All around the Palace one can see the devotation and dedication of Tibetans to their religion. It is like going to Golden Temple, Amritsar (for Sikhs), Shankar Archaria Muth (for Hindus), and Mecca (for Muslims). The same can be seen in other monasteries and around Lhasa. Another fact which I came across while talking to Chinese in Lhasa that they have no knowledge of their religion or other religions for that matter. Also every corner of Lhasa and other worship shrines one can see the heavy presence of Chinese police.

From Left to Right: Professors Wang Rencheng, Harcharan Singh Ranu, Jin Dewen, Hao Zhixiu, and Jia Xiaohong.
Tsinghua University Faculty

While in Lhasa, Dr Ranu also visited and met the President of the Tibet University Medical College Professor (Dr) Ouzhu Luobu, Professor of Surgery and both agreed to carry out mutual research in Orthopaedic Biomechanics related to high altitude.

In Beijing, Dr Ranu gave an invited lecture on his research at the Tsinghua University, Department of Intelligence and Biosystems. Dr Ranu, covered such subjects as: 3-D human gait analysis normal and pathological. He highlighted various aspects of diabetic foot syndrome and the use of special shoe, such as gel bubble, to prevent high forefoot pressures. Development of laserectomy technique to relieve low back pain. Simulation of sports injuries in different sports and 3-D computer surgical simulations of spine and highlighted presence of highly stressed areas during laminectomy surgical procedure.

Dr. Ranu developed the laserectomy technique to relieve the low back pain for herniated human spinal disc, it works on the principle that a small reduction in volume of the nucleus by laser ablation results in an exponential drop in intradiscal pressure in the nucleus (Ranu’s Principle). Dr Ranu also has coined the word “Laerectomy”

Dr. Ranu is also a Consultant to St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and Adjunct Professor of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, Adjunct Professor, New York University Medical School, V.A. Medical Center, New York, Adjunct Staff Nassau County Medical Center, and Consultant to Scientists' Institute for Public Information-Media Resource Service, New York.

Dr. Ranu is also a Visiting Professor at medical teaching institutions in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, India. Japan, Pakistan, Russia, South Korea, Turkey and the U.K.

Dr Ranu has touched all the continents where we live. He has been 8 times around the world. He intends to touch the South Pole because of an Indian beggar , who said to him at an early age that he will travel around the World, which has come true.